Oxygen is required to maintain the normal energy production and dynamic balance of aerobic organisms, including aquatic animal. With the development of intensive aquaculture, drastic changes in dissolved oxygen (DO) have become extremely common，such as hypoxia. Unavoidably, hypoxia can cause physiological responses in fish. For example, previous research had confirmed that largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) could produce more red blood cells to transport more oxygen under hypoxia exposure. Also, glycogen is broken down into glucose to supply more energy in hypoxic conditions. Further, transcriptome analysis had shown that five pathways were enriched, especially the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway.

However, there is little information for the precise mechanism between VEGF pathway and angiogenesis in largemouth bass. HIF-1 is an oxygen-dependent heterodimeric (comprising α and β subunits) transcription activator that is primarily responsible for adapting cells to hypoxic stress. It is well known that HIF-1, as a regulator of hundreds of target genes, can modulate many physiological processes  including proliferation and survival of cells; metabolism reprogramming; invasion and metastasis; induction of genetic instability and especial angiogenesis.

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Mishita
Jornal co-ordinator
Journal of Heart and Cardiovascular Research