Pernicious anemia (PA) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease that involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors often related to other immune-mediated disorders. A significant association with other autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, Addison's disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves's disease, hypoparathyroidism, celiac disease, myasthenia gravis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, has been reported. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the autoimmune alteration most frequently associated with PA. Both gastric parietal cells and thyroid follicle cells possess secretory activity and may be targets of autoimmune attack in association with inflammatory processes of gastritis and thyroiditis, respectively. 

The discovery of this association was first reported in the 1960s with the term “thyrogastric autoimmunity”, and later studies have noted a steady increase in its incidence. Although some previous studies have characterized the relationship between PA and AITD, there is a need to evaluate the clinical and laboratory repercussions and, in particular, to assess the possible risk factors that determine this association. Thus, the objective of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and risk factors for AITD in patients with PA.

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Mishita
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Journal of  Autoimmune Disorders