Viral, bacterial, or fungal infections are suspected of triggering multiple sclerosis (MS) and promoting relapses of the disease and are likely to be promoted by immune-active treatments. This raises questions about the infectious workup and preventive treatment of these infections prior to their initiation.In multiple sclerosis, the immune system destroys the protective coating (myelin) that eventually causes nerve injury or degeneration.Cell replacement therapy using engineered neural stem cells could be a viable treatment option.Neural stem cells enable the remyelination of the neurons thereby restoring the normal neuronal function.Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunological and neurological disease of the central nervous system. Demyelination and neuronal death are the outcome of autoreactive T lymphocytes attacking the myelin sheath, resulting in functional neurological impairment. Relapses in MS are caused by extrinsic causes such as viral infections, although the disease's complicated etiology remains unexplained. Even though there are several disease-modifying drugs approved by the FDA for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS), none of them prevent inflammation from causing damage to the central nervous system (CNS) or encourage repair. This emphasizes the unmet clinical need for treatments that can halt and even reverse the increasing worsening of MS-related disability (P-MS). Transplantation of NSCs into the chronically inflamed CNS has been shown in preclinical research to give neurotrophic support and suppress harmful host immune responses in vivo. This article discusses the history and current applications of neural stem cell treatment for multiple sclerosis. The review also discusses the incorporation of these cells into existing brain structure and the risks involved in this therapy.

Multiple sclerosis is a frequent condition where the diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, neurologic examination, cerebro spinal fluid markers, and diagnostic imaging tests; however, atypical variants of the disease can lead to misdiagnosis in some scenarios. Herein, we describe a case of a 24-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis with megacystic plaques, in which appropriate interpretation of the imaging findings lead to a proper diagnosis and treatment.A patient is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis once they meet the McDonald criteria of dissemination in space and time. Studies of cohorts of patients with multiple sclerosis need a reproducible way to determine an accurate date of diagnosis. We developed an automatic data-driven algorithm to determine the date when the MacDonald criteria are met, which we validated with the Registre Lorrain des Scleroses en Plaques (ReLSEP), a regional French registry of patients with multiple sclerosis.

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Mishita
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Journal of Autoimmune Disorders