Description:

The population of adult Down's syndrome patients with congenital heart disease is increasing due to better medical and surgical care. This cohort presents with multiple unique co-morbidities, secondary to both progression of health conditions associated with ageing of Down's syndrome patients, as well as due to pathophysiological effects of uncorrected, corrected or palliated congenital heart disease. These patients need frequent medical care, and interventions requiring multiple aesthetics. This review focuses on the various factors relevant to the perioperative medical care of adult Down's syndrome patients with congenital heart disease founded on existing literature. Various anesthetic considerations for the different patterns of noncardiac and cardiac comorbidities are reviewed and a systematic approach for the perioperative anesthetic management of these patients is presented. The current era of big data offers a wealth of new opportunities for clinicians to leverage artificial intelligence to optimize care for pediatric and adult patients with a congenital heart disease. At present, there is a significant underutilization of artificial intelligence in the clinical setting for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of congenital heart disease patients. This document is a call to action and will describe the current state of artificial intelligence in congenital heart disease, review challenges, discuss opportunities, and focus on the top priorities of artificial intelligence–based deployment in congenital heart disease.

Patients with congenital heart disease now live well into adulthood because of advances in surgical techniques, improvements in medical management, and the development of novel therapeutic agents. As patients grow older into adults with congenital heart disease, many require catheter-based interventions for the treatment of residual defects, squeal of their initial repair or palliation, or acquired heart disease. The past 3 decades have witnessed an exponential growth in both the type and number of transcatheter interventions in patients with congenital heart disease. With improvements in medical technology and device design, including the use of devices designed for the treatment of acquired valve stenosis or regurgitation, patients who previously would have required open-heart surgery for various conditions can now undergo percutaneous cardiac catheter-based procedures. Many of these procedures are complex and occur in complex patients who are best served by a multidisciplinary team. This review aims to highlight some of the currently available transcatheter interventional procedures for adults with congenital heart disease, the clinical outcomes of each intervention, and any special considerations so that the reader may better understand both the procedure and patients with adult congenital heart disease.

With Regards
Wuialn
Journal Coordinator
Global Journal of Research and Review