The emergence of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) is currently the greatest threat to the advances that have been made in human health and well-being as well as animal health and welfare have made significant advances in recent decades. However, the introduction of AMR has the potential to increase the number of deaths globally and threaten the profitability of the livestock sector in low-income countries.

The development of resistance occurs naturally and is enhanced by the use of antimicrobials. This is why it is critical that the livestock sector reduce its use and minimize its overuse. The healthcare industry is considered a contributing factor to the development of resistant microbes in humans.

Extending from animal fitness and disease, animal welfare is a vital part of the manufacturing system, from farm to consumer, regardless of industry scale, farm size, or species. Animal welfare acts because the umbrella time period considers the fitness, nutrition, housing, and behavioral needs of animals, and how they are managed and is linked to the pillars of sustainable agriculture.

Focusing on animal welfare can produce additive improvements to lessen wastage, consisting of animal mortality, restricted production, and productivity losses, which benefit the environment. Opportunities outlined in the sections below include positive impacts on worker satisfaction, along with occupational health, food safety and food security. Economic benefits are also possible; with progressed animal welfare contributing to enhancing livelihoods and developing the possibility to get entry to better price markets.

However, in a few instances, there can also be tradeoffs between animal welfare and other societal goals, that also need to be identified and managed. Animal welfare is becoming of increasing concern to communities, which is influencing consumer behavior, governmental processes, and international expectations. Failure to realize and include animal welfare into exercise and policy, therefore, risks the viability and sustainability of global production systems. Without the genuine improvement of animal welfare, a number of the SDGs will now no longer be realized and the farm animals systems, the human beings that depend on them, and the animals inside them will suffer.

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With Regards
ALINA SMITH
Journal of Animal Sciences and Livestock Production