Pernicious anemia is the end-stage disease resulting from autoimmune attack of the gastric mucosa. Understanding and preventing the life-threatening effects of this disease has been a fascinating and illuminating chapter in clinical and scientific endeavor. The target autoantigens recognized in these diseases have been well defined for some time now, which, in combination with the availability of robust and readily manipulated mouse models, has led to an extremely good understanding of the underlying immunopathology. Clinical diagnosis is also aided by the knowledge of the autoantibodies present in patients with these very common diseases, although less than perfect specificity and sensitivity means that endoscopic evaluation is often required to complete diagnosis.The incidence of gastric carcinoid tumours is increasing.

This rise is probably due to the number of gastroscopies and improved histological techniques. The majority (65%) of these gastric tumours is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis and pernicious anaemia. In this article two patients are presented, one with pernicious anaemia and gastric neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and one with pernicious anaemia and multiple gastric carcinoids. These neuroendocrine cell disorders have a relatively favourable prognosis. Therefore, a wait-and-see policy was preferred. The pathogenesis, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of these different neuroendocrine cell manifestations are discussed. We recommend performing a gastroscopy at the time of diagnosis for young patients with pernicious anaemia, and whenever abdominal problems, unexplained weight loss or aggravation of the anaemia arise.

visit for more articles at Journal of Autoimmune Disorders

Kindly submit your article at  https://www.imedpub.com/submissions/autoimmune-disorders.html 

Regards
Mishita
Jornal co-ordinator
Journal of  Autoimmune Disorders