Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of serum autoantibodies against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in a large proportion of patients; AChR-specific antibodies lead to the alteration and destruction of NMJ causing partial or systemic abnormal muscle weakness and fatigability, major clinical symptoms in MG. The antibodies induce fatigue and weakness of the eye muscles or skeletal muscles, which are the main clinical hallmarks. Based on the location of the affected muscles, patients with MG are classified as ocular (OMG) or generalized MG (GMG). Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) is distinguished by fatigable weakness of the extraocular muscles, eyelids, or both, leading to fatigable ptosis and diplopia. Almost 30–80% of patients with OMG would convert to generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG) within 2 years.

These subjects not only suffer from ptosis and diplopia but also from limb weakness, bulbar symptoms, or even respiratory failure. Depending on whether patients are over 50 years of age at onset, MG can be divided into early-onset MG (EOMG) and lateonset MG (LOMG). Assisted antibody testing is relatively expensive, time consuming, not always available, and subject to a high rate of false negatives. Moreover, although conventional hormone and immunosuppressive therapy can improve the symptoms of most MG patients, the recurrence rate of MG is still quite high. Therefore, early recognition and treatment are of great importance for patients' quality of life.

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Mishita
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Journal of Journal of Autoimmune Disorders