Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death from disease in all regions of the world. Patients with CVD are affected not only by disease severity and disease-induced limitations, but also by socioeconomic and psychological factors (collectively referred to as psychosocial factors). The association between psychosocial factors and CVD has been identified as an important public health issue, including low socioeconomic status, subacute stress, anger and hostility, anxiety and depression, which will increase the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Studies have shown that depression and/or anxiety are prevalent in about 15% to 20% of patients with CVD, which may be transient or long-term. Depression and/or anxiety, among others, can reduce compliance, increase the risk of withdrawal from cardiac rehabilitation, reduce the quality of life of patients, increase the risk of hospitalization and mortality, and increase the economic burden on families and society in CVD patients.

In addition, the long-term chronic presence of psychosocial factors can contribute to the development of CVD, and a meta-analysis of apparently healthy populations showed that psychosocial factors were significantly associated with increased cardiovascular risk. As the association between psychosocial factors and CVD has become increasingly strong, studies on biological mechanisms that may explain the association between psychosocial factors and cardiovascular disease have been published in recent years. Recent guidelines on cardiac rehabilitation/secondary prevention also emphasize the status and role of psychosocial factors in the cardiovascular patient. Therefore, it is important for cardiac patients to not only treat the disease itself but also to screen for and identify psychosocial risk factors promptly, despite the difficulties and challenges.

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Mishita
Jornal co-ordinator
Journal of Heart and Cardiovascular Research