Nanoparticles have been discerned to improve the productivity and bioprocessing of microalgae for bioenergy generation. In recent years, the application of nanoparticles has been examined in different aspects of microalgal biofuel production, coupled CO₂ bio-fixation, and phycoremediation. The present review discusses various nanoparticles, such as Fe₂O₃, ZnO, TiO_2, that manifest advancement to improve microalgal biofuel production, phycoremediation, and overall plant economics. Different vertices of nanoparticles in the microalgal biofuel system and the possible underlying mechanisms and hypotheses were discussed. The effect of nanoparticles was observed to be dependent on the type, size, and dose of nanoparticles and microalgae species. Cost-benefit analysis revealed nanoparticle usage has the potential to cut down the overall microalgae biofuel production cost by 2.5–4 times. Future perspectives were presented to improve the commercial viability of the nanotechnology-based microalgal biofuel system. Multistage application of nanoparticles is suggested to increase the microalgal biofuel yield and make the overall process efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly.

Iron-overload diseases are characterized by a variety of symptoms resulting from excessive iron stores, oxidative stress and consequent end-organ damage. Deferoxamine (DFO) is an iron-chelator that can protect tissues from iron-induced damage. However, its application is limited due to its low stability and weak free radical scavenging ability. Herein, natural polyphenols have been employed to enhance the protective efficacy of DFO through the construction of supramolecular dynamic amphiphiles, which self-assemble into spherical nanoparticles with excellent scavenging capacity against both iron (III) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This class of natural polyphenols-assisted nanoparticles was found to exhibit enhanced protective efficacy both in vitro in an iron-overload cell model and in vivo in an intracerebral hemorrhage model. This strategy of constructing natural polyphenols- assisted nanoparticles could benefit the treatment of iron-overload related diseases with excessive accumulation of toxic or harmful substances.

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Jenny
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Journal of Nano Research & Applications