The aim of this study was to develop and characterize flurbiprofen (FB)-loaded cyclodextrin (CD) based nanogel formulations for dermal application. Nanogels were produced via emulsification solvent evaporation and then incorporated into a hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) gel. The visual examination, pH, viscosity, dynamic rheological measurements and drug content analysis of nanogels were assessed. The highest and lowest viscosities were observed in FB-loaded nanogels and in FB-free nanogels in HPMC, respectively. The tangent δ and storage modulus values of FB-loaded nanogel in HPMC were higher than those of FB-loaded nanogel. FB from nanogels in HPMC was 100% by 48 h. The final nanogel formulation was physically and chemically stable over 12 months. Skin irritation test showed no skin irritation or cellular infiltration on the histological level. In vitro and ex vivo permeation showed that the nanogels could be effective and stable formulations, especially in the dermal application of a hydrophobic molecule.

Nanogels represent an innovative drug delivery system that can be tailored and efficiently used for the local and systemic delivery of bioactive molecules. Nanogels are used not only for the controlled delivery of therapeutic payloads but also for better navigation of the payloads to the target sites. Nanogels can be prepared through both chemical and physical methods. The chemical methods involve the use of crosslinkers and the formation of covalent bonds, imparting higher durability to the acquired nanogels. The physical methods yield more biocompatible nanogels produced through electrostatic interactions, ionizing radiations, and hydrogen bonding. Besides physical and chemical methods, advanced techniques such as 3D printing and microfluidics are also used for the synthesis of nanogels. The quality and properties of the obtained nanogel product depend on its building blocks, rational selection of the preparation technique, and the intended biomedical application. The size and the biocompatibility of nanogels make them suitable for treating various pathological complications, including vital organs such as the heart and brain. Herein, we discuss an update on both conventional and advanced methods of nanogel synthesis followed by its potential applications in cardiovascular and neurological complications.

Visit for more related articles at Nano Research and Applications

Kindly submit your article through Editorial Tracking or through editor.nanoresearch@jpeerreview.com

With Regards
Jenny
Journal Co-ordinator
Journal of Nano Research & Applications