Nanomaterials are marvelously small, yet they may be harnessed to great effect. Much has been learned with respect to the biological interactions and effects of nanomaterials during the past decade. However, characterization of nanomaterials is typically performed on as-synthesized materials. We posit that nanomaterials are dynamic entities and should be studied and regulated as such. Hence, characterization of nanomaterials should take into account their biotransformation. However, in situ characterization of nanomaterials as they undergo dynamic changes (coronation, dissolution, degradation) in a living system remains a formidable challenge in nanosafety. Material scientists and toxicologists need to join forces to address this issue.

Various types of inorganic nanomaterials are capable of diagnostic biomarker detection and the therapeutic delivery of a disease or inflammatory modulating agent. Those multi-functional nanomaterials have been utilized to treat neurodegenerative diseases and central nervous system (CNS) injuries in an effective and personalized manner. Even though many nanomaterials can deliver a payload and detect a biomarker of interest, only a few studies have yet to fully utilize this combined strategy to its full potential. Combining a nanomaterial's ability to facilitate targeted delivery, promote cellular proliferation and differentiation, and carry a large amount of material with various sensing approaches makes it possible to diagnose a patient selectively and sensitively while offering preventative measures or early disease-modifying strategies. By tuning the properties of an inorganic nanomaterial, the dimensionality, hydrophilicity, size, charge, shape, surface chemistry, and many other chemical and physical parameters, different types of cells in the central nervous system can be monitored, modulated, or further studies to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. Scientists and clinicians have better understood the underlying processes of pathologies for many neurologically related diseases and injuries by implementing multi-dimensional 0D, 1D, and 2D theragnostic nanomaterials. The incorporation of nanomaterials has allowed scientists to better understand how to detect and treat these conditions at an early stage. To this end, having the multi-modal ability to both sense and treat ailments of the central nervous system can lead to favorable outcomes for patients suffering from such injuries and diseases.

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Jenny
Journal Co-ordinator
Journal of Nano Research & Applications