Endometriosis is a common gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial tissue including glands and stroma outside the uterine cavity. With developments in social economy and popularization of pelvic surgery such as induced abortion and cesarean section in recent years, the incidence of endometriosis has also increased. According to a study by Shafrir et al., the prevalence of endometriosis in women of childbearing age was about 10–15% , increasing by 30% in infertile patients and 45% in patients with chronic pelvic pain. Endometriosis patients complain primarily of progressive dysmenorrhea and lower abdominal pain, infertility, dyspareunia, and fatigue. Such patients suffer from physiological pains caused by both the disease and mental stress from traditional cultural imperatives for childbearing.

This may affect their work and negatively spill over into their physical and mental health. At present, the main clinical treatments for endometriosis are expectant management, drug therapy and surgery. Drug therapies, mainly including hormonal drugs and non-hormonal drugs, could lead to pseudopregnancy or pseudomenopause. For example, the administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a), a widely used strategy, can significantly relieve pains, but unfortunately, it is not curative. Laparoscopic surgery is an effective treatment for patients with unrelieved symptoms and aggravated local lesions despite drug therapy or with large ovarian endometrioma (OMA). However, some studies have found that although surgery could remove endometriotic lesions, limitations such as high recurrence risks and serious complications exist.

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Mishita
Jornal co-ordinator
Journal of General Surgery Reports