Current approaches to cancer treatment including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy encounter severe challenges that limit the complete cure of cancer. Even if most of the tumor is eliminated by these therapies, cancers frequently recur, and easily metastasize to various tissues or invade vital organs. Therefore, the major problem of cancer therapy is controlling tumor recurrence and metastasis. Nowadays, new therapeutic strategies utilizing the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia  weak acidity (pH 6.5–6.9) overproduction of glutathione (GSH)  or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been developed to avoid cancer metastasis and eliminate cancer cells. Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging cancer treatment that catalyzes endogenous H2O2 into highly toxic hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and induces the oxidative death of cancer cells. CDT effectively targets cancer cells and overcomes multidrug resistance, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

However, a few challenges have emerged as more and more investigations are being carried out on CDT. For example, it was observed that the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level maintains a relative dynamic balance and didn’t exhibit a dramatic change during short-term CDT treatment. This was attributed to the self-adjustment response mechanisms of cancer cells, which include the generation of a bioactive molecule of oxidation–reduction capacity and the up-regulation of ROS-scavenging enzymes.

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Regards
Mishita
Jornal co-ordinator
Journal of Heart and Cardiovascular Research