Herpes simplex viruses (HSV), papillomaviruses (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus, and cytomegalovirus are human viruses believed to be transmitted through sexual contact. Infections have reached epidemic proportions with the first three (HSV, HPV, and HIV) and raise global health issues.

In fact, our understanding of one virally transmitted venereal disease, the acquired syndrome of immunodeficiency, dates back to the early 1980s. This paper covers different aspects of these agents' genetics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and, where applicable, oncogenicity, as well as current therapies and vaccination initiatives.

The word sexually transmitted disease (STD) is used to refer to a condition that is transmitted by sexual contact from one person to another. You can contract an STD with someone who has the STD by having unsafe vaginal, anal, or oral intercourse.

A sexually transmitted infection (STI) or venereal disease can also be called an STD (VD).

That doesn't mean that sex is the only way that STDs are passed on. Infections can also be spread by sharing needles and breastfeeding, depending on the individual STD.

Symptoms of men's STDs

Without exhibiting symptoms, an STD is possible to contract. But apparent signs cause some STDs. Popular symptoms in men include:

• During sex or urination, pain or discomfort
• On or around the penis, testicles, anus, buttocks, legs, or mouth, sores, bumps, or rashes
• Unusual discharge or hemorrhage of the penis
• Painful testicles or swollen ones

Symptoms of Women's STDs

STDs don't cause significant symptoms in certain situations. Popular STD symptoms in females include when they do:

• Pain or discomfort when having sex or when urinating
• On or around the vagina, anus, buttocks, legs, or mouth with sores, bumps, or rashes
• An irregular discharge or vaginal bleeding
• In or near the vagina, itchiness
• The particular symptoms can vary from one STD to the next. Here's more about women's symptoms of STDs.

Types of STDs

Sexually, several different forms of infections can be transmitted. Below, the most common STDs are listed.

1. Chlamydia
2. HPV (human papillomavirus)
3. Syphilis
4. HIV
5. Gonorrhea
6. Pubic lice (‘crabs’).

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